Energy Storage

Lithium Supercapacitor

A hybrid energy storage device combining the high energy density of lithium batteries with the high power density of supercapacitors. Supports microwatt-level intermittent charging, second-level fast charging, cycle life over one million cycles, and wide temperature operation — the ideal storage partner for micro-energy systems.

Lithium supercapacitor energy storage device

Product Portfolio

Covering cells, modules, and hybrid energy storage to meet diverse needs from microamp-level charging to amp-level pulse discharge

EDLC

EDLC Supercapacitor

Based on activated carbon electric double-layer principle, sealed in aluminum can with rubber stopper. High power density and cycle life over 100,000 times, ideal for high-power pulse discharge.

LIC

Lithium-Ion Supercapacitor

Hybrid of electric double-layer capacitor and lithium-ion battery, balancing energy density and cycle life, supporting microamp-level charging and fast discharge.

Module

Supercapacitor Module

Multiple cells connected in series/parallel with built-in voltage balancing management, providing customized voltage and capacity solutions with free selection and design support.

Film

Metal Film Capacitor

Premium axial audio capacitors and import-replacement film capacitors for high-fidelity audio, power filtering, and other precision applications.

Product Illustrations

Lithium supercapacitors combine battery and capacitor advantages, available in lead-type, pouch-type, button-type and module formats

Lithium supercapacitor cell energy storage device illustration

Comparison with Common Storage Devices

Comparison Lithium Supercapacitor Supercapacitor (EDLC) CR coin cell Rechargeable Li battery
Energy density 5-15 Wh/kg Balanced 1-5 Wh/kg High (single-use) 100-265 Wh/kg
Power density 2000+ W/kg 10000+ W/kg <0.1 W/kg 250-350 W/kg
µA-level charging Yes Yes No Difficult
Cycle Life 50F: ≥1M
100F: 8000+
100000+ 0 (single-use) 500-1000
Leakage Current 2-5 µA Ultra-low 50~5000 µA(varies widely by capacitance & brand) ~0.25 µA 1.5~3 µA
Operating Temperature -40~70°C -40~85°C -20~60°C -20~60°C
Safety High
no explosion/no fire
High Medium Medium

Lithium supercapacitors achieve the best balance among energy density, power density, and cycle life, with leakage current as low as 2-5µA (72h measured, 1~2 orders of magnitude lower than EDLC at comparable capacitance), plus microamp-level charging support — the ideal choice for micro-energy scenarios

Data sources: LIC leakage from multiple manufacturers' 72h datasheet values; EDLC from industry datasheets; CR coin cell self-discharge ~1%/yr; Li-ion self-discharge ~3%/mo (LIR2032 typical)

Lithium Supercapacitor vs Mainstream Rechargeable Storage

A head-to-head of LIC against Li-ion, NiMH, EDLC and lead-acid — to see where the real differences lie

Dimension LIC This site Li-ion battery NiMH battery EDLC Lead-acid
Storage principle Double-layer adsorption + Li-ion intercalation (asymmetric hybrid) Electrochemical intercalation / de-intercalation (Faradaic) Reversible hydrogen absorption in alloy Pure double-layer physical adsorption Lead / lead-dioxide + sulfuric acid
Positive electrode Activated carbon (lithium pre-doped electrolyte)
no lithium metal oxide
Lithium metal oxide (LiCoO₂ / LiFePO₄ / NMC) Nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)₂ Activated carbon Lead dioxide PbO₂
Energy density 5–15 Wh/kg 100–265 Wh/kg 60–120 Wh/kg 1–5 Wh/kg 30–50 Wh/kg
Power density 2000+ W/kg 250–350 W/kg 250–1000 W/kg 10000+ W/kg <200 W/kg
Cycle life 50F: ≥1M
100F: 8000+
500–1000 500–1000 100000+ 200–500
µA-level charging Yes very low barrier Difficult (CC-CV management) Difficult Yes Difficult
Self-discharge / leakage 2–5 µA (ultra-low) ~3%/mo
standby 1.5–3 µA
15–30%/mo 50–5000 µA (higher) 3–5%/mo
Operating temp. -40 ~ 70 °C -20 ~ 60 °C -20 ~ 50 °C -40 ~ 85 °C -20 ~ 50 °C
Thermal-runaway risk No lithium metal oxide at positive; no free oxygen release; very low uncontrolled exotherm risk Positive decomposes above 200°C releasing free oxygen; prone to chain reaction Relatively mild; hydrogen venting at high temp Physical storage; no thermal runaway Gassing, non-chain
UN classification UN 3508
asymmetric capacitor (Class 9)
UN 3480
Li-ion battery (Class 9)
UN 3496
battery (Class 9)
UN 3499
EDLC (Class 9)
UN 2794 / UN 2800
storage battery (Class 8)
Typical use Energy harvesting, battery-free IoT, memory backup, pulse buffering Primary power, portable devices Consumer electronics, power tools Power pulses, start-stop buffering Starter power, storage base stations

Note: values are typical ranges per category; refer to the specific cell datasheet. The defining point of LIC is its positive electrode contains no lithium metal oxide — the very reason UN TDG classifies it as a "capacitor" rather than a "battery" and applies more lenient transport provisions (see next section).

Transport Classification & Compliance: why LIC is a "Capacitor", not a "Battery"

Per the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (TDG) and the latest IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR)

Core conclusion
  • UN numberUN 3508 (Capacitor, asymmetric)
  • Proper shipping nameCapacitor, asymmetric (with an energy storage capacity greater than 0.3 Wh)
  • Hazard classClass 9 — Miscellaneous dangerous substances
  • NotUN 3480 (Lithium-ion battery)
  • NorUN 3499 (Electric double-layer capacitor, EDLC)

Why a "capacitor" and not a "battery"?

The UN Sub-Committee of Experts (proposal by Japanese experts, adopted 2011–2012) clearly distinguishes the three — the key is whether the positive and negative electrodes are made of the same material:

TypeUN numberElectrode materialsStorage principle
EDLCUN 3499Both electrodes same carbon (activated carbon)Ion adsorption / desorption
LICUN 3508Positive activated carbon + negative Li-ion-intercalating carbon (different) → asymmetric capacitorDouble-layer + Li-ion intercalation hybrid
Li-ion batteryUN 3480Positive lithium metal oxide (LiCoO₂, LiMn₂O₄, etc.)Electrochemical intercalation / de-intercalation

Key safety difference: LIC's positive electrode contains no lithium metal oxide, so it does not, like a battery, thermally decompose above 200°C to release free oxygen and trigger an uncontrolled exothermic reaction. In the UN's own words:

"an uncontrolled exothermic reaction due to generation of free oxygen by decomposition of lithium metal oxides does not occur".

Energy calculation for a 250F lithium supercapacitor

Energy formula: E = ½ × C × (V_max² − V_min²) ÷ 3600

Example: a 250F cell from Jinmei LIC (rated ~2.7 V, operating range 2.2 V ~ 3.8 V):

E = 0.5 × 250 × (3.8² − 2.2²) ÷ 3600 = 0.5 × 250 × 9.6 ÷ 3600 ≈ 0.33 Wh

This sits right around the 0.3 Wh threshold, giving two cases:

Stored energyTransport requirement
≤ 0.3 WhNot regulated as dangerous goods (unrestricted)
> 0.3 Wh (250F, most likely)UN 3508, Class 9; but most requirements can be waived if the following conditions are met

When the following are met, IATA DGR Special Provision A196 / IMDG SP372 waive most requirements

  • ✅ Energy > 0.3 Wh and < 20 Wh
  • ✅ Short-circuit-proof packaging (individual separation, insulated terminals)
  • ✅ Equipped with a pressure-relief vent
  • ✅ Wh value marked on the device
  • ✅ Withstands 95 kPa pressure differential
  • ✅ Survives 1.2 m drop test unpackaged

Note: the above are general transport-compliance points for LIC as an "asymmetric capacitor (UN 3508)". Always ship per the latest UN TDG / IATA DGR / IMDG and the carrier's and destination country's requirements; for volume shipments, obtain the relevant test and compliance documents for the specific model.

Working Principle

Understanding the internal structure of these three energy storage devices helps you choose the right solution

A

EDLC Supercapacitor

Based on the electric double-layer capacitor principle, activated carbon serves as both positive and negative electrodes, separated by electrolyte and separator, sealed in an aluminum can with rubber stopper, achieving high-power, long-life physical energy storage.

B

Supercapacitor Module

Multiple cells connected in series and parallel with built-in voltage balancing management circuits, solving cell voltage inconsistency and improving system reliability and output capability.

C

Lithium-Ion Supercapacitor (LIC)

A hybrid energy storage device combining an electric double-layer capacitor and lithium-ion battery internally, with electrodes separated by a separator, electrolyte filling the cell, and rubber stopper sealing the aluminum can, combining high energy density and fast charging.

Typical Applications

When your product needs any of the following, supercapacitors or lithium supercapacitors are the best fit

High pulse discharge
High Pulse Discharge

USB high-power output, camera flashes, power tools, motor drives and other pulse discharge scenarios

Maintenance-free long-term power
🔋
Maintenance-Free Long-Term Power

Solar road studs, buried lights, smart water/electric/gas meters and other permanent installations

Fast charging
🔦
Fast Charging

Security flashlights, electric toys, power tools, emergency equipment that need rapid energy recovery

High cycle life
🔄
High Cycle Life

Emergency lighting, float-charge systems, IoT terminals and industrial sensors with frequent charge/discharge cycles

Low-temperature start
❄️
Low-Temperature Start

Automotive and construction machinery cold starts, outdoor equipment, systems requiring energy retention down to -40°C

Energy recovery and safe storage
🛡️
Energy Recovery & Safe Storage

Standalone solar power, energy-saving elevators, eco-friendly vehicles, and storage systems with high safety requirements

Safety Certifications

Lithium supercapacitors have passed the full UN38.3 transport safety test, meeting air, sea, and land transport requirements

Altitude Simulation T.1Pass
Thermal Test T.2Pass
Vibration T.3Pass
Shock T.4Pass
External Short Circuit T.5Pass
Crush T.6Pass
Overcharge T.7N/A
Forced Discharge T.8Pass

Test Report No.: TCT250925B019 | Date of Issue: 2025.09.27

In accordance with UN "Manual of Tests and Criteria" ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.8 Subsection 38.3

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